For example, the Massachusetts Bay colony repeatedly refused requests by Charles and his agents to allow the Church of England to become established, and the New England colonies in general resisted the Navigation Acts , laws that restricted colonial trade to England alone. The colony was always short of gold and silver and printed a great deal of paper money, which caused inflation that favored farmers but angered business interests. Iraq’s mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty. The event led nationalists like George Washington to redouble efforts to strengthen the weak national government as necessary for survival in a dangerous world. Main, Gloria Its governors were appointed by the crown, in contrast to the predecessor colonies which had elected their own governors.